Can anti-bothropstoxin-I antibodies discriminate between Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu venoms?

Abstract Background Snakes of the genus Bothrops, popularly known as pit vipers, are responsible for most cases of snakebite in Brazil. Within this genus, Bothrops jararacussu and B. jararaca deserve special attention due to the severity of their bites and for inhabiting densely populated areas. Regarding the treatment of snakebites by Bothrops jararacussu, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of the specific bothropic antivenom in neutralizing myotoxic effects; however, there are no accurate data for humans. Thus, the development of a differential diagnostic kit for this species would be of great interest because it provides, for healthcare professionals, a tool that would allow us to determine whether the accident was caused by B. jararacussu or other species of the genus. It would also make it possible to evaluate the specificity of the treatment and to provide data for epidemiological studies. Methods First, we produced a species-specific polyclonal antibody a potential biomarker of Bothrops jararacussu venom against bothropstoxin-I (BthTx-I), which is also found in smaller quantities in the venoms of B. jararaca from southern Brazil. Results Polyclonal antibodies against bothropstoxin-I could be separated into several species-specific immunoglobulins. Then, aiming to develop a system of safe and standardized immunoassay, we produced monoclonal antibodies. Seven hybridomas were obtained. Five of them were specific to the venom of B. jararacussu and two recognized the venom of B. jararaca from the southeastern population. The use of monoclonal antibodies also made it possible to differentiate B. jararacussu from B. jararaca venom obtained from the southern population. Analyzing the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against other bothropic venoms, we found mAb Bt-3 to be more specific than others for B. jararacussu venom. Conclusions These results show the potential of BthTx-I for producing monoclonal antibodies that differentiate between B. jararacussu and other Bothrops species venoms.

Can anti-bothropstoxin-I antibodies discriminate between Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu venoms?

Background Snakes of the genus Bothrops, popularly known as pit vipers, are responsible for most cases of snakebite in Brazil. Within this genus, Bothrops jararacussu and B. jararaca deserve special attention due to the severity of their bites and for inhabiting densely populated areas. Regarding the treatment of snakebites by Bothrops jararacussu, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of the specific bothropic antivenom in neutralizing myotoxic effects; however, there are no accurate data for humans. Thus, the development of a differential diagnostic kit for this species would be of great interest because it provides, for healthcare professionals, a tool that would allow us to determine whether the accident was caused by B. jararacussu or other species of the genus. It would also make it possible to evaluate the specificity of the treatment and to provide data for epidemiological studies. Methods First, we produced a species-specific polyclonal antibody - a potential biomarker of Bothrops jararacussu venom - against bothropstoxin-I (BthTx-I), which is also found in smaller quantities in the venoms of B. jararaca from southern Brazil. Results Polyclonal antibodies against bothropstoxin-I could be separated into several species-specific immunoglobulins. Then, aiming to develop a system of safe and standardized immunoassay, we produced monoclonal antibodies. Seven hybridomas were obtained. Five of them were specific to the venom of B. jararacussu and two recognized the venom of B. jararaca from the southeastern population. The use of monoclonal antibodies also made it possible to differentiate B. jararacussu from B. jararaca venom obtained from the southern population. Analyzing the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against other bothropic venoms, we found mAb Bt-3 to be more specific than others for B. jararacussu venom. Conclusions These results show the potential of BthTx-I for producing monoclonal antibodies that differentiate between B. jararacussu and other Bothrops species venoms.(AU)

Capture immunoassay for LT detection produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in bacterial isolates

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a padronização de um imunoensaio de captura para detecção de amostras de E. coli produtoras da toxina LT-I. Este ensaio de captura foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a fração enriquecida em IgG do anticorpo policlonal anti-LT e um anticorpo monoclonal caracterizado como IgG2b. Através deste método verificou-se uma clara distinção entre cepas de E. coli produtoras e não produtoras da toxina (p< 0,0001), sendo a sensibilidade do método de 78%, a especificidade de 94% e a eficiência de 92%. Assim, o imunoensaio de captura mostrou-se como uma ferramenta sensível para a detecção de amostras de E. coli que produzem a enterotoxina termo-lábil, podendo ser aplicado em laboratórios clínicos e inquéritos epidemiológicos em paises em desenvolvimento.

Capture immunoassay for LT detection produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in bacterial isolates

A capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects LT-I toxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains, has beendeveloped. This capture assay was performed using the IgG enriched fraction of anti-LT-I antiserum and IgG2b anti-LT-I monoclonal antibody and allowed a clear distinction between E. coli LT-I - producing and non-producing strains. The estimated accuracy of the assay is 78% for sensitivity, 94% for specificity and 92% for efficiency. Thus, the capture immunoassayis a sensitive tool for detection of E. coli, which produces heat-labile enterotoxin, and is suitable for use in clinical laboratories and epidemiological surveys in developing world.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a padronização de um imunoensaio de captura para detecção de amostras de E. coli produtoras da toxina LT-I. Este ensaio de captura foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a fração enriquecida em IgG do anticorpo policlonal anti-LT e um anticorpo monoclonal caracterizado como IgG2b. Através deste método verificou-se uma clara distinção entre cepas de E. coli produtoras e não produtoras da toxina (p 0,0001), sendo a sensibilidade do método de 78%, a especificidade de 94% e a eficiência de 92%. Assim, o imunoensaio de captura mostrou-se como uma ferramenta sensível para a detecção de amostras de E. coli que produzem a enterotoxina termo-lábil, podendo ser aplicado em laboratórios clínicos e inquéritos epidemiológicos em paises em desenvolvimento.

Capture immunoassay for LT detection produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in bacterial isolates

A capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects LT-I toxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains, has beendeveloped. This capture assay was performed using the IgG enriched fraction of anti-LT-I antiserum and IgG2b anti-LT-I monoclonal antibody and allowed a clear distinction between E. coli LT-I - producing and non-producing strains. The estimated accuracy of the assay is 78% for sensitivity, 94% for specificity and 92% for efficiency. Thus, the capture immunoassayis a sensitive tool for detection of E. coli, which produces heat-labile enterotoxin, and is suitable for use in clinical laboratories and epidemiological surveys in developing world.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a padronização de um imunoensaio de captura para detecção de amostras de E. coli produtoras da toxina LT-I. Este ensaio de captura foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a fração enriquecida em IgG do anticorpo policlonal anti-LT e um anticorpo monoclonal caracterizado como IgG2b. Através deste método verificou-se uma clara distinção entre cepas de E. coli produtoras e não produtoras da toxina (p 0,0001), sendo a sensibilidade do método de 78%, a especificidade de 94% e a eficiência de 92%. Assim, o imunoensaio de captura mostrou-se como uma ferramenta sensível para a detecção de amostras de E. coli que produzem a enterotoxina termo-lábil, podendo ser aplicado em laboratórios clínicos e inquéritos epidemiológicos em paises em desenvolvimento.